Extra Questions for Chapter 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change Class 7 Science Curiosity
Class 7 Science Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change Extra Questions
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 1. At what age does adolescence generally start?
Answer
Adolescence generally starts around the age of 10 years.
Question 2. How does physical activity help adolescents?
Answer
Physical activity helps in developing strength, building stamina, and maintaining a healthy body during adolescence.
Question 3. What is puberty?
Answer
Puberty is the stage in adolescence when the body undergoes external and internal changes to develop into an adult capable of reproduction.
Question 4. What is the role of hormones during adolescence?
Answer
Hormones regulate various aspects of growth and development during adolescence, influencing physical, emotional, and behavioural changes.
Question 5. What are secondary sexual characteristics?
Answer
Secondary sexual characteristics are features that distinguish males from females and mark the onset of puberty, such as voice changes in boys and breast development in girls.
Question 6. Why do acne and pimples appear during adolescence?
Answer
Acne and pimples appear during adolescence due to an increase in oily secretions from the skin, which can clog pores and lead to infections.
Question 7. What is menstruation?
Answer
Menstruation is the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of a non-pregnant female, marking the beginning of reproductive health.
Question 8. Why do boys experience voice changes during adolescence?
Answer
The voice box grows, leading to a deeper, hoarser voice, which is one of the secondary sexual characteristics in boys.
Question 9. How does the voice change during adolescence in boys?
Answer
In adolescent boys, the voice box grows, leading to a hoarse voice. This is visible as the development of the Adam’s apple.
Question 10. What is the purpose of the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan campaign?
Answer
The Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan is a government campaign to raise awareness about avoiding substance abuse and preventing addiction, especially among youth.
Question 11. What is the role of hormones during adolescence?
Answer
Hormones regulate growth, development, and emotional changes during adolescence and are crucial for reproductive maturity.
Short Answer Questions
Question 1. What is the main reason for the development of pimples during adolescence?
Answer
The development of pimples, commonly known as acne, is primarily due to an increase in oily secretions from the skin during adolescence, which can clog pores and lead to infections. Other factors like lack of sleep or excessive washing do not directly cause pimples.
Question 2. What is the term used to describe the natural signs that the body is preparing for adulthood?
Answer
Secondary sexual characteristics are the natural signs that indicate the body is preparing for adulthood, marking the onset of puberty. Terms like puberty and adolescence refer to broader stages of development.
Question 3. At what age does adolescence typically begin?
Answer
Adolescence typically begins around the ages of 10 to 12 years, marking a period of significant physical, emotional, and hormonal changes. The other options fall outside the commonly accepted age range for the onset of adolescence.
Question 4. What does the onset of the menstrual cycle in girls indicate?
Answer
The onset of the menstrual cycle signifies both the beginning of adolescence and the start of puberty, as it indicates that the body is undergoing significant biological changes associated with maturation.
Question 5. Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic in boys?
Answer
Voice deepening is a secondary sexual characteristic in boys that occurs during puberty, while the development of breasts and menstruation are characteristics associated with females.
Question 6. What is adolescence?
Answer
Adolescence is the stage of growth and development between childhood and adulthood, typically occurring between the ages of 10 and 19. It involves rapid physical, emotional, and behavioural changes.
Question 7. What are secondary sexual characteristics?
Answer
Secondary sexual characteristics are traits that help distinguish males from females, like the development of breasts in girls or facial hair in boys, which mark the onset of puberty.
Question 8. What is menstruation, and when does it start?
Answer
Menstruation is the process where adolescent girls experience a monthly discharge of blood from the uterus, marking the onset of reproductive capability, typically starting around the age of 12.
Question 9. How do boys and girls differ in terms of body changes during adolescence?
Answer
Boys typically experience the development of a deeper voice, facial hair, and broader shoulders. Girls experience changes like breast development and wider hips, along with a menstrual cycle.
Question 10. What is the importance of a healthy diet during adolescence?
Answer
A healthy diet is crucial during adolescence as it supports rapid growth and development, providing essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, and minerals for optimal physical and mental health.
Question 11. What is meant by secondary sexual characteristics? Give one example for boys.
Answer
Secondary sexual characteristics are physical traits that distinguish males from females but are not directly involved in reproduction. An example for boys is the deepening of the voice.
Question 12. Describe the dangers of substance abuse during adolescence and suggest one way to avoid it.
Answer
Substance abuse, like using tobacco, alcohol, or drugs, is dangerous during adolescence because it harms the body (e.g., lung damage, memory loss) and is addictive, leading to repeated use that’s hard to stop. It can disrupt growth and mental health. One way to avoid it is to say “NO” firmly to peer pressure and choose healthy habits like sports or hobbies instead
Question 13. Explain the changes in body shape and hair growth during adolescence for both boys and girls.
Answer
During adolescence, boys and girls experience rapid growth in height.
Boys develop broader shoulders and wider chests, while girls notice breast development and changes in body shape, such as wider hips.
Both grow hair in the armpits and pubic area, and boys also develop facial hair (moustache or beard) and sometimes chest or back hair.
These changes, part of puberty, vary in timing and extent among individuals.
Question 14. Describe the menstrual cycle in girls and why it is considered a sign of reproductive maturity.
Answer
The menstrual cycle is a natural process in girls, occurring every 28–30 days (though it may vary between 21–35 days), where blood is discharged for 3–7 days, known as menstruation.
It involves hormonal changes preparing the body for potential reproduction.
Menstruation signals reproductive maturity because it indicates the body is capable of supporting pregnancy, a key aspect of puberty.
Some girls may experience discomfort or pain during this time, which is normal.
Question 15. Why is a balanced diet important during adolescence, and name two specific health concerns related to nutrient deficiencies?
Answer
A balanced diet is crucial during adolescence to support rapid growth and development, providing energy, strength, and healthy bones. It should include proteins, calcium, iron, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
Two health concerns are iron deficiency, causing tiredness or anaemia, especially in girls, and vitamin B12 deficiency, affecting blood health.
These can be managed by eating foods like spinach (iron) and dairy (B12).
Question 16. Discuss the physical changes that occur in both boys and girls during adolescence.
Answer
During adolescence, both boys and girls experience significant physical changes. Boys typically undergo growth in height, develop broader shoulders, and experience the growth of facial hair, such as moustaches and beards. Their voices become deeper due to the growth of the voice box (Adam’s apple). Girls also grow in height and experience the development of breasts and wider hips. Both boys and girls develop hair in the armpits and pubic regions. Additionally, boys may develop chest and back hair, although this is not universal. Pimples and acne are common for both genders due to increased oily secretions from the skin.
Question 17. Explain the concept of puberty and its relation to reproductive health.
Answer
Puberty is a critical stage in adolescence where the body undergoes both external and internal changes that prepare it for reproduction. It marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. In girls, puberty is associated with the start of menstruation, which is a key indicator of reproductive capability. In boys, puberty involves the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and a deeper voice, signalling the body’s readiness for reproduction. Puberty involves hormonal changes that drive these physical transformations, preparing individuals for adulthood.
Question 18. How do emotional and behavioural changes affect adolescents, and what steps can they take for positive growth?
Answer
Adolescents undergo significant emotional and behavioural changes due to the surge in hormones. They may experience mood swings, increased sensitivity, and curiosity, leading to both positive and negative behaviour. These emotional changes can lead to stronger feelings of empathy, social engagement, and self-exploration, but may also cause confusion and impulsive decisions. To ensure positive growth, adolescents can engage in various activities like sports, music, or volunteering, which help them channel their emotions productively. Seeking guidance from trusted adults and maintaining healthy social relationships also aid in emotional stability.
Question 19. What are the challenges and benefits of maintaining good hygiene during adolescence?
Answer
During adolescence, personal hygiene becomes increasingly important as the body undergoes significant changes. Good hygiene, especially in areas like the armpits, face, and pubic region, helps prevent infections and body odor. Girls, in particular, must maintain menstrual hygiene to ensure comfort and health. While maintaining hygiene can be challenging due to the increase in sweat and body changes, it is essential to prevent skin conditions like acne and other infections. Using sanitary pads during menstruation, regularly washing the face, and wearing clean clothes are simple yet effective ways to maintain hygiene and support overall health.
Question 20. Discuss the risks associated with substance abuse during adolescence and how to avoid them.
Answer
Adolescence is a period marked by curiosity and peer pressure, which can make adolescents more susceptible to trying harmful substances like tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. These substances can have serious effects on physical and mental health, leading to addiction, lung damage, memory loss, and other severe health issues. It is important for adolescents to understand the risks of substance abuse and to make informed decisions. They can avoid these risks by saying "NO" to peer pressure, seeking support from family and teachers, and engaging in healthy activities like sports and hobbies. Educating adolescents about the harmful effects of substances and providing a supportive environment helps them make healthier choices.
Question 21. What is the significance of the menstrual cycle in adolescent girls?
Answer
The menstrual cycle signifies the beginning of reproductive health in adolescent girls. It typically occurs every 28-30 days and indicates the body's readiness for reproduction.
- It helps maintain overall hormonal balance.
- Contributes to the girl’s growth and development.
- Menstruation lasts about three to seven days each cycle.
Long Answer Questions
Question 1. Explain the physical and emotional changes that occur during adolescence.
Answer
Adolescence is a time of significant change, both physically and emotionally. Key changes include:
Physical Changes:
- Boys experience a deepening voice, facial hair growth, and increased muscle mass.
- Girls undergo breast development, wider hips, and the start of menstruation.
- Both genders grow taller and gain weight, with noticeable changes in body structure.
Emotional Changes:
- Mood swings and heightened sensitivity are common.
- Adolescents seek greater independence.
- They explore their identities and relationships with others.
Question 2. How can adolescents manage emotional changes effectively?
Answer
Emotional changes in adolescents can be challenging, but there are effective ways to manage them:
- Mood swings: Engage in activities like music, dance, or sports to channel emotions positively.
- Strong emotions: Recognise feelings and practice self-exploration through creative outlets.
- Increased sensitivity: Develop compassion by participating in social work or community initiatives.
- Healthy habits: Maintain a balanced diet, good hygiene, and regular physical activity to support emotional well-being.
- Seek support: Talk to trusted friends or adults when feeling overwhelmed.
Understanding how emotions influence behaviour can lead to better choices and responses in various situations.
Question 3. What are the key nutritional needs of adolescents, and why are they important?
Answer
- Proteins (milk, curd, paneer, millets): Help build muscles, tissues, and strength for growing bodies.
- Carbohydrates (grains, millets): Provide energy for school, sports, and daily activities.
- Fats (milk, cheese, paneer): Support energy needs and healthy body functions.
- Calcium (milk, curd, cheese): Strengthen bones and teeth during rapid growth.
- Iron (spinach, kidney beans, raisins): Help form blood and prevent anaemia, especially in girls.
- Vitamins like B12 (milk, eggs): Support healthy nerves, blood cells, and energy levels.
Adolescence is a time of fast growth and changes. These nutrients ensure strong bones, muscles, and energy, support reproductive health, and prevent problems like weak bones or low blood levels, helping adolescents stay healthy and active.
Question 4. Discuss the impact of substance abuse during adolescence and the importance of saying ‘NO’ to harmful substances.
Answer
Substance abuse during adolescence can lead to serious and lasting consequences, affecting physical, mental, and emotional health. Key impacts include:
- Addiction: Regular use can lead to a strong dependence on substances.
- Health issues: This includes damage to organs and cognitive impairment.
- Impaired development: Substance use can hinder proper growth and learning.
It is essential for adolescents to:
- Resist peer pressure to try harmful substances.
- Make healthy choices to ensure better well-being.
- Seek support from trusted adults when facing challenges.
By saying ‘NO’ to harmful substances, adolescents can protect their future and health.
Question 5. Explain the physical and emotional changes during adolescence, focusing on how hormones influence these changes. Discuss one societal initiative that supports adolescent health and its importance.
Answer
Physical Changes: During adolescence (ages 10–19), the body undergoes rapid changes due to puberty.
- Boys experience increased height, broader shoulders, deeper voices (due to voice box growth), and facial hair.
- Girls develop breasts, wider hips, and start menstruation, a cycle occurring every 28–30 days, signalling reproductive maturity. Both grow armpit and pubic hair.
- These changes are driven by hormones, chemical messengers that regulate growth and reproductive development, triggered by brain signals.
Emotional Changes:
- Adolescents experience stronger emotions and mood swings due to hormonal changes, leading to behaviors like seeking independence, new interests, or sensitivity.
- These can result in creativity (e.g., exploring hobbies) or challenges like feeling overwhelmed.
- Hormones influence mood, causing sudden shifts from happiness to frustration.
Societal Initiative:
- The Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation program provides free tablets in schools to prevent iron deficiency, especially in girls, which can cause tiredness or anaemia.
- This is important because it supports healthy blood formation, ensuring adolescents have the energy and strength for growth and learning during this critical stage.
Question 6. Discuss the importance of menstrual hygiene for girls during adolescence, including how to manage it responsibly. Explain the role of society in breaking myths about menstruation, and suggest two ways to support girls’ health in this context.
Answer
Importance of Menstrual Hygiene:
- Menstrual hygiene is crucial during adolescence to prevent infections and ensure comfort during menstruation, a natural process where blood is discharged every 28–30 days.
- Proper hygiene involves using sanitary pads or reusable cloth pads, changing them regularly, and cleaning the body, especially the pubic area, to avoid infections.
- Proper disposal (e.g., wrapping pads in newspaper for covered dustbins) protects health and the environment, with biodegradable pads being a sustainable option.
Society’s Role in Breaking Myths:
- Society must dispel myths, like isolating girls during periods, by promoting scientific understanding that menstruation is normal. Open discussions in schools and families, supported by teachers and parents, reduce stigma.
- Providing clean toilets and sanitary products in schools ensures girls can manage periods confidently.
- Governments and schools can distribute free or affordable sanitary pads, as seen in some programs, to ensure all girls have access, promoting hygiene and dignity.
Educate Communities: Awareness campaigns in schools and communities can teach about menstruation, breaking taboos and encouraging support from peers and families.