Notes of Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans Class 7th History
• Under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi became an important commercial centre.
• In the beginning of the thirteenth century, the transformation of Delhi into a capital started with the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The Delhi Sultans built many cities in the area that we now know as Delhi.
The Rulers of Delhi
| Dynasties | Times Period |
| Rajput Dynasties | |
| Tomaras | Early twelfth century-1165 |
| Ananga Pala | 1130-1145 |
| Chauhans | 1165-1192 |
| Prithviraj Chauhan | 1175-1192 |
| Early Turkish Rulers | 1206-1290 |
| Qutbuddin Aybak | 1206-1210 |
| Shamsuddin Iltutmish | 1210-1236 |
| Raziyya | 1236-1240 |
| Ghiyasuddin Balban | 1266-1287 |
| Khalji Dynasty | 1290-1320 |
| Jalaluddin Khalji | 1290-1296 |
| Alauddin Khalji | 1296-1316 |
| Tughluq Dynasty | 1320-1414 |
| Ghiyasuddin Tughluq | 1320-1324 |
| Muhammad Tughluq | 1324-1351 |
| Firuz Shah Tughluq | 1351-1388 |
| Sayyid Dynasty | 1414-1451 |
| Khizr Khan | 1414-1421 |
| Lodi Dynasty | 1451-1526 |
| Bahlul Lodi | 1451-1489 |
Finding Out about the Delhi Sultans
• Inscriptions, coins and architecture are the sources of information on the Sultans of Delhi.
• Tawarikh written in Persian, the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans.
• In 1236 Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter, Raziyya became Sultan.
→ She was removed from the throne in 1240.
The Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate
• Delhi’s authority was also challenged by Mongol invasions from Afghanistan.
• The Sultanate consolidation occurred during the reign of Ghiyasuddin Balban and further expansion under Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq.
• The first set of campaigns along the “internal frontier” of the Sultanate aimed at consolidating the hinterlands of the garrison towns.
• The second expansion occurred along the “external frontier” of the Sultanate.
Consolidation under the Khaljis and Tughluqs
• The Khalji and Tughluq monarchs appointed military commanders as governors of territories of varying sizes which were called iqta and their holder was called iqtadar or muqti.
• Large parts of the subcontinent remained outside the control of the Delhi Sultans.
→ It was difficult to control distant provinces like Bengal from Delhi.
• Local chieftains established their rule in these regions.
• Sometimes rulers like Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq could force their control in these
areas but only for a short duration.
• The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in north-east Iran in 1219.
• Mongol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq’s rule.
The Sultanate in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
• After the Tughluqs, the Sayyid and Lodi dynasties ruled from Delhi and Agra until 1526.
• By then, Jaunpur, Bengal, Malwa, Gujarat, Rajasthan and the entire south India had independent rulers who established flourishing states and prosperous capitals.
• This was also the period which saw the emergence of new ruling groups like the Afghans and the Rajputs.
• Sher Shah Sur (1540-1545) started his career as the manager of a small territory for his uncle in Bihar and eventually challenged and defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun (1530-1540, 1555-1556).
NCERT Solutions of Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans