NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Maths Chapter 15 Statistics Miscellaneous Exercise

Class 11 Maths NCERT Solutions for Chapter 15 Statistics Miscellaneous Exercise

Statistics Miscellaneous Exercise Solutions

1. The mean and variance of eight observations are 9 and 9.25, respectively. If six of the observations are 6, 7, 10, 12, 12 and 13, find the remaining two observations.

Solution

Let the remaining two observations be x and y.
Therefore, the observations are 6, 7, 10, 12, 12, 13, x, y.

⇒ 60 + x+  y = 72
⇒ x + y = 12  ...(1)

From (1), we obtain
x² + y² + 2xy = 144 …(3)
From (2) and (3), we obtain
2xy = 64 … (4)
Subtracting (4) from (2), we obtain
x² + y² – 2xy = 80 – 64 = 16
⇒ x – y = ± 4 …(5)
Therefore, from (1) and (5), we obtain
x = 8 and y = 4, when x – y = 4
x = 4 and y = 8, when x – y = –4
Thus, the remaining observations are 4 and 8.

2. The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 16, respectively. If five of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12 and 14. Find the remaining two observations.

Solution

Let the observations be x₁, x₂, x₃, x₄, x₅, and x₆.
It is given that mean is 8 and standard deviation is 4.

If each observation is multiplied by 3 and the resulting observations are y_i, then y_i = 3x, i.e., x_i = (1/3) y_i, for i = 1 to 6.

Therefore, variance of new observations = (1/6) × 864 = 144 
Hence, the standard deviation of new observations is √144 = 12

4. Given that x is the mean and σ² is the variance of n observations x₁, x₂ … x_n. Prove that the mean and variance of the observations ax₁, ax₂, ax₃ …ax_n are ax and a² σ², respectively (a ≠ 0).

Solution

5. The mean and standard deviation of 20 observations are found to be 10 and 2, respectively. On rechecking, it was found that an observation 8 was incorrect. Calculate the correct mean and standard deviation in each of the following cases:
(i) If wrong item is omitted.
(ii) If it is replaced by 12.

Solution

(i) Number of observations (n) = 20
Incorrect mean = 10
Incorrect standard deviation = 2

That is, incorrect sum of observations = 200 
Correct sum of observations  = 200 - 8 = 192 
Correct mean = (Correct sum )/19 = 192/19 = 10.1 

= √4.09
= 2.02 

(ii) When 8 is replaced by 12, 
Incorrect sum of observations = 200
Correct sum of observations = 200 - 8 + 12 = 204 
∴ Correct mean = (Correct sum)/20 = 204/20 = 10.2 

6. The mean and standard deviation of marks obtained by 50 students of a class in three subjects, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are given below:

Subject	Mathematics	Physics	Chemistry
Mean	42	32	40.9
Standard deviation	12	15	20

Which of the three subjects shows the highest variability in marks and which shows the lowest?

Solution

Standard deviation of Mathematics = 12
Standard deviation of Physics = 15
Standard deviation of Chemistry = 20
The coefficient of variation (C.V.) is given by (Standard deviation )/Mean  × 100 

The subject with greater C.V. is more variable than others.
Therefore, the highest variability in marks is in Chemistry and the lowest variability in marks is in Mathematics.

7. The mean and standard deviation of a group of 100 observations were found to be 20 and 3, respectively. Later on it was found that three observations were incorrect, which were recorded as 21, 21 and 18. Find the mean and standard deviation if the incorrect observations are omitted.

Solution

Number of observations (n) = 100 
Incorrect mean x = 20 

Incorrect standard deviation (σ) = 3 

Incorrect sum of observations  = 2000 
Correct sum of observations  = 2000 - 21 - 21 - 18 = 2000 - 60 = 1940
∴ Correct mean = (correct sum)/(100 - 3) = 1940/97 = 20