Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions for Chapter 9 Differential Equations Exercise 9.5

Class 12 Maths NCERT Solutions for Chapter 8 Application of Integrals Exercise 9.5

Differential Equations Exercise 9.5 Solutions

1. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them
(x2 + xy) dy = (x2 + y2) dx

Solution

The given differential equation i.e. (x2 + xy) dy = (x2 + y2) dx can be written as : 

This shows that equation (1) is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get : 
dy/dx = v + x(dv/dx) 
Substituting the values of v and dy/dx in equation (1), we get :  

Integrating both sides, we get :  
-2 log (1 - v) - v = log x - log k 
⇒ v = -2log (1 - v) - log x + log k 

This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


2. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them  
y' = (x + y)/x 

Solution

The given differential equation is : 

Thus, the given equation is a homogeneous equation . 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx 
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get : 
dy/dx = V + x(dv/dx) 
Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we  get :  

Integrating both sides, we get :  
v = log x + C 
⇒ y/x = log x + C 
⇒ y = x log x + Cx 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


3. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them
(x – y) dy – (x + y) dx = 0

Solution

The given differential equation is :  
(x - y)dy - (x + y)dx = 0 

Thus, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Integrating both sides, we get : 

This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


4. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them
(x2 – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0 

Solution

The given differential equation is : 
(x2 – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0  

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Integrating both sides, we get : 
log (1 + v)2 = -log x + log C = log (C/x) 
⇒ 1 + v2 = C/x 

⇒ x2 + y2 = Cx 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


5. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them
x2 (dy/dx) = x2 - 2y2 + xy 

Solution

The given differential equation is : 

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx 
⇒ dy/dx = v + x(dv/dx) 
Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get : 

Integrating both sides, we get:  

This is the required solution for the given differential equation.


6. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them
x dy -y dx = √(x2 + y2)dx

Solution

x dy -y dx =  √(x2 + y2 )dx 

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx 

Substituting the values of v and dy/dx in equation (1), we get :  

This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


7. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve each of them
{x cos (y/x) + y sin (y/x)} ydx = {y sin (y/x) - x cos (y/x)} x dy 

Solution 

The given differential equation is  : 

= λ0. F(x, y) 
Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx 
⇒ dy/dx = v + x = dv/dx 
Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get : 

Integrating both sides, we get : 
log (sec v) - log v = 2 log x + log C 

This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


8. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve 
x (dy/dx) - y + x sin (y/x) = 0 

Solution


Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx 

Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get : 

⇒ cosec v dv = -dx/x 
Integrating both sides, we get :  
log|cosecv - cot v| = -log x + log C = log (C/x) 

This is the required solution of the given differential equation.

9. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve 
y dx + x log (y/x)dy - 2xdy = 0 
Solution
y dx + x log(y/x) dy - 2xdy = 0 

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get:  

Integrating both sides, we get : 
⇒ 1/v = dt/dv 
⇒ dv/v = dt 
Therefore, equation (1) becomes :  
⇒ ∫dt/t - log v = log x + log C  
⇒ log t - log (y/x) = log (Cx) 

This is the required solution of the given differential equation. 

10. Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and solve 
(1 + ex/y ) dx + ex/y (1 - x/y)dy = 0 
Solution

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
x = vy 

Substituting the values of x and dx/dy in equation (1), we get : 

Integrating both sides, we get :  
⇒ log (v + ex ) = -log y + log C = log(C/y) 

⇒ x + yex/y = C 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation. 

11. For the differential equations find the particular solution satisfying the given condition:
(x + y) dy + (x – y) dx = 0; y = 1 when x = 1
Solution
(x + y)dy + (x - y)dx = 0 
⇒ (x + y)dy = -(x - y) dx 

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as : 
y = vx 

Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get : 

Integrating both sides, we get :  

Now, y = 1 at x = 1. 
⇒ log 2 + 2 tan-11 = 2k 
⇒ log 2 + 2 × Ï€/4 = 2k 
⇒ Ï€/2 + log 2 = 2k 
Substituting the value of 2k in equation (2), we get : 
log(x2 + y2) + 2 tan-1(y/x) = Ï€/2 + log 2 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation. 

12.For the differential equations find the particular solution satisfying the given condition:
x2 dy + (xy + y2) dx = 0; y = 1 when x = 1
Solution
 x2 dy + (xy + y2 )dx = 0 
⇒ x2 dy = -(xy + y2 )dx 

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get: 

Integrating both sides, we get :  
(1/2) [log v - log(v + 2)] = -log x + log C 

Now, y =1 at x = 1. 
⇒ 1/(1+2) = C2 
⇒ C2 = 1/3 
Substituting C2 = 1/3 in equation (2), we get:  
x2 y/(y + 2x) = 1/3 
⇒ y + 2x = 3x2 y
This is the required solution of the given differential equation.


13. For the differential equations find the particular solution satisfying the given condition:
[x sin2 (y/x - y)] dx + xdy = 0; y = Ï€/4 when x = 1
Solution

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve this differential equation, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get : 

Integrating both sides, we get : 
- cot v = -log |x| - C 
⇒ cot v = log |x| + C 
⇒ cot(y/x) = log |x| + log C 
⇒ cot (y/x) = log |Cx|  ...(2) 
Now, y = Ï€/4 at x = 1. 
⇒ cot (Ï€/4) = log |C| 
⇒ 1 = log C 
⇒ C = e1 = e 
Substituting C = e in equation (2), we get :  
cot (y/x) = log |ex| 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation . 

14. For the differential equations find the particular solution satisfying the given condition:
dy/dx - y/x + cosec(y/x) = 0; y = 0 when x = 1 
Solution
Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Substituting the values of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get :  

Integrating both sides, we get :  
cos v = log x + log C = log |Cx| 
⇒ cos (y/x) = log |Cx| ...(2) 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation. 
Now, y = 0 at x = 1. 
⇒ cos (0) = log C 
⇒ 1 = log C 
⇒ C = e1 = e 
Substituting C = e in equation (2), we get : 
cos(y/x) = log |(ex)|
This is the required solution of the given differential equation. 

15. For the differential equations find the particular solution satisfying the given condition:
2xy + y2 - 2x2 (dy/dx) = 0; y = 2 when x = 1 
Solution

Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. 
To solve it, we make the substitution as :  
y = vx 

Substituting the value of y and dy/dx in equation (1), we get : 

Now, y = 2 at x = 1. 
⇒ -1 = log (1) + C 
⇒ C = -1 
Substituting C = -1 in equation (2), we get : 
This is the required solution of the given differential equation. 

16. A homogeneous differential equation of the from dx/dt = h(x/y) can be solved by making the substitution 
(A) y = vx 
(B) v = yx 
(C) x = vy 
(D) x = v
Solution
For solving the homogeneous equation of the form dx/dy = h(x/y), we need to make the substitution as x = vy. 
Hence, the correct answer is C. 

17. Which of the following is a homogeneous differential equation?
(A) (4x + 6y + 5) dy – (3y + 2x + 4) dx = 0
(B) (xy) dx – (x3 + y3) dy = 0
(C) (x3 + 2y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0
(D) y2 dx + (x2 – xy – y2) dy = 0 
Solution
Function F(x, y) is said to be the homogenous function of degree n, if
F(λx, λy) = λn F(x, y) for any non - zero constant (λ). 
Consider the equation given in alternative D : 
y2 dx + (x2 - xy - y2 )dy = 0 

Hence, the differential equation given in alternative D is a homogenous equation.
Previous Post Next Post