Psychology CBSE Answer Sheet of Sample Paper 2016-17 Final Board Exam| Class 12th
Part - A
1. d) Bodily-kinesthetic
(Page No: 7)
2. c) Denial, pg 35
3. a) Type A pg 31
4. Alarm Reaction Stage
(Page No: 59)
Q 5. b) Obsessive compulsive disorder
(Page No: 177)
Q 6. negative transference
(Page No: 95)
Q7. a) Conformity
(Page No: 140)
Q 8. Cognitive
(Page No: 118)
Q 9. Displacement
(Page No:170)
Q 10. False
(Page No: 192)
Part – B
Q 11. a. Introversion.vs.Extraversion:
Introversion involves directing attention on inner experiences, while extraversion relates to focusing attention outward on other people and the environment.
b. Neuroticism vs Emotional-Stability:
Neuroticism refers to an individual’s tendency to become upset or emotional, while stability
refers to the tendency to remain emotionally constant. Refers to the degree to which people have control over their feelings.
(Brief explanation expected)
(Page No: 32-33)
12. Projective tests were developed to assess unconscious motives and feelings. These techniques
are based on the assumption that a less structured or unstructured stimulus or situation will
allow the individual to project one’s feelings desires and needs on the situation.
(Page No: 43-44)
13. Unhelpful habits of perfectionism , avoidance and procrastination make us vulnerable to stress.
(A brief description about any two.)
(Page No. 64-65)
14. It refers to repeated association of undesired response with an aversive consequence.
(Brief explanation with the help of an example.)
(Page No: 97-98)
15. Systematic research on the effects of noise on human beings shows the following:
a. When the noise comes at intervals, and in an unpredictable way, it is experienced as more disturbing than if the noise is continuously present.
b. When the task being performed is difficult, or requires full concentration, then intense, unpredictable, and uncontrollable noise reduces the level of task performance.
c. When tolerating or switching off the noise is within the control of the person, the number of errors in task performance decreases.
(Mention any two points with brief explanation.)
(Page No: 157)
16. To accomplish an interview, the interviewer prepares a set of questions, also called a schedule,
for different domains, or categories s/he wants to cover. To do this, the interviewer must first
decide on the domains/categories under which information is to be generated. They help assess
facts as well as subjective assessment.
(Page No: 189)
17. Reena has Separation Anxiety disorder, which is an internalising disorder unique to children.
Its most prominent symptom is excessive anxiety or even panic experienced by children at
being separated from their parents. Children with SAD may have difficulty being in a room by
themselves, going to school alone, are fearful of entering new situations, and cling to and
shadow their parents’ every move. To avoid separation, children with SAD may fuss, scream,
throw severe tantrums, or make suicidal gestures.
(Page No: 83)
18. Listening is an important skill and requires a person to be attentive. S/he should be patient,
non-judgmental and yet have the capacity to analyze and respond. Listening is a process that
involves reception, attention, assignment of meaning, and listener’s response to the message
presented.
Hearing is a biological activity that involves reception of a message through sensory channels.
It is a part of listening.
(Page No: 185)
Q 19. Many societies are prejudiced on the basis of religion and colour. Suggest some strategies
to handle such prejudices.
Strategies :
(a) minimizing opportunities for learning prejudices,
(b) changing such attitudes,
(c) de-emphasising a narrow social identity based on the in-group, and
(d) discouraging the tendency towards self-fulfilling prophecy among the victims of prejudice.
(Any three strategies with explanation.)
(Page No: 119)
20. Poverty is a condition in which there is a lack of necessities of life in the context of unequal
distribution of wealth in society. There are various reasons attributed to poverty. One of them
is culture of poverty which states that, it is not the individual, but a belief system, a way of life,
and values, in which she/he is brought up, that is the cause of poverty. This belief system, called
the ‘culture of poverty’, convinces the person that she/he will continue to remain poor, and the
belief is carried over from one generation of the poor to the next.
(Page No: 167)
Q 21. PASS model was developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri and Kirby in 1994. According to this
model, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems, called the functional units of the brain. These units are responsible for arousal/attention, simultaneous and successive processing and planning.
Arousal/attention
Simultaneous processing
Successive processing
Planning
(Explanation of each.)
(Page No: 9)
22. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex
interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can be viewed as
something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the
support and opportunities of the environment. Studies have also shown correlation between
intelligence of identical twins reared together(.90), identical twins reared apart (.72)fraternal
twins reared together (.60) and siblings reared together (.50)and sibling reared apart (.25).
With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age,
their intelligence level tends to move closer to their adoptive parents. Children from
disadvantaged homes adopted into families of higher socio-economic status exhibit a large
increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers
intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background and quality schooling increases
intelligence.
Intelligence is a product of heredity and environment.
(Page No: 10)
Q 23. Anita regularly abstains from food for religious reasons. Which aspect of the self is she
displaying? Suggest the psychological techniques that will help her abstain from food.
Self- control refers to delaying or deferring of gratification of needs.it plays a key role in the
fulfillment of long term goals. Anita is able to abstain from food for religious purposes using
self- control. The 3 techniques are:
Observation of own behavior
Self Instruction
Self reinforcement:
(Explanation of each of the above.)
(Page No: 27)
Q 24.Coping is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress. It is a set of concrete responses to
stressful situations or events that are intended to resolve the problem and reduce stress.
The three coping strategies according to Endler and Parker is given are:
1. Task-oriented Strategy:
2. Emotion-oriented Strategy:
3. Avoidance-oriented Strategy:
OR
Lazarus & Folkman have conceptualized coping as a dynamic process rather than an
individual trait.
Emotion-Focused Coping:
Problem-Focused Coping:
(A description of each.)
(Page No: 61-62)
25. Behaviour therapies postulate that psychological distress arises because of faulty behaviour
patterns or thought patterns.
Systematic desensitization is a behavior therapy technique. Systematic desensitization is a
technique introduced by Wolpe for treating phobias or irrational fears. The client is
interviewed to elicit fear-provoking situations and together with the client, the therapist
prepares a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli with the least anxiety-provoking stimuli at
the bottom of the hierarchy. The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about
the least anxiety- provoking situation. The client is asked to stop thinking of the fearful
situation if the slightest tension is felt. Over sessions, the client is able to imagine more severe
fear provoking situations while maintaining the relaxation. The client gets systematically
desensitized to the fear.
It works on the principle of reciprocal inhibition.
(Explanation with reference to given example.)
(Page No: 98)
a. When the noise comes at intervals, and in an unpredictable way, it is experienced as more disturbing than if the noise is continuously present.
b. When the task being performed is difficult, or requires full concentration, then intense, unpredictable, and uncontrollable noise reduces the level of task performance.
c. When tolerating or switching off the noise is within the control of the person, the number of errors in task performance decreases.
(Mention any two points with brief explanation.)
(Page No: 157)
16. To accomplish an interview, the interviewer prepares a set of questions, also called a schedule,
for different domains, or categories s/he wants to cover. To do this, the interviewer must first
decide on the domains/categories under which information is to be generated. They help assess
facts as well as subjective assessment.
(Page No: 189)
Part - C
17. Reena has Separation Anxiety disorder, which is an internalising disorder unique to children.
Its most prominent symptom is excessive anxiety or even panic experienced by children at
being separated from their parents. Children with SAD may have difficulty being in a room by
themselves, going to school alone, are fearful of entering new situations, and cling to and
shadow their parents’ every move. To avoid separation, children with SAD may fuss, scream,
throw severe tantrums, or make suicidal gestures.
(Page No: 83)
18. Listening is an important skill and requires a person to be attentive. S/he should be patient,
non-judgmental and yet have the capacity to analyze and respond. Listening is a process that
involves reception, attention, assignment of meaning, and listener’s response to the message
presented.
Hearing is a biological activity that involves reception of a message through sensory channels.
It is a part of listening.
(Page No: 185)
Q 19. Many societies are prejudiced on the basis of religion and colour. Suggest some strategies
to handle such prejudices.
Strategies :
(a) minimizing opportunities for learning prejudices,
(b) changing such attitudes,
(c) de-emphasising a narrow social identity based on the in-group, and
(d) discouraging the tendency towards self-fulfilling prophecy among the victims of prejudice.
(Any three strategies with explanation.)
(Page No: 119)
20. Poverty is a condition in which there is a lack of necessities of life in the context of unequal
distribution of wealth in society. There are various reasons attributed to poverty. One of them
is culture of poverty which states that, it is not the individual, but a belief system, a way of life,
and values, in which she/he is brought up, that is the cause of poverty. This belief system, called
the ‘culture of poverty’, convinces the person that she/he will continue to remain poor, and the
belief is carried over from one generation of the poor to the next.
(Page No: 167)
Part – D
Q 21. PASS model was developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri and Kirby in 1994. According to this
model, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems, called the functional units of the brain. These units are responsible for arousal/attention, simultaneous and successive processing and planning.
Arousal/attention
Simultaneous processing
Successive processing
Planning
(Explanation of each.)
(Page No: 9)
22. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex
interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can be viewed as
something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the
support and opportunities of the environment. Studies have also shown correlation between
intelligence of identical twins reared together(.90), identical twins reared apart (.72)fraternal
twins reared together (.60) and siblings reared together (.50)and sibling reared apart (.25).
With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age,
their intelligence level tends to move closer to their adoptive parents. Children from
disadvantaged homes adopted into families of higher socio-economic status exhibit a large
increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers
intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background and quality schooling increases
intelligence.
Intelligence is a product of heredity and environment.
(Page No: 10)
Q 23. Anita regularly abstains from food for religious reasons. Which aspect of the self is she
displaying? Suggest the psychological techniques that will help her abstain from food.
Self- control refers to delaying or deferring of gratification of needs.it plays a key role in the
fulfillment of long term goals. Anita is able to abstain from food for religious purposes using
self- control. The 3 techniques are:
Observation of own behavior
Self Instruction
Self reinforcement:
(Explanation of each of the above.)
(Page No: 27)
Q 24.Coping is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress. It is a set of concrete responses to
stressful situations or events that are intended to resolve the problem and reduce stress.
The three coping strategies according to Endler and Parker is given are:
1. Task-oriented Strategy:
2. Emotion-oriented Strategy:
3. Avoidance-oriented Strategy:
OR
Lazarus & Folkman have conceptualized coping as a dynamic process rather than an
individual trait.
Emotion-Focused Coping:
Problem-Focused Coping:
(A description of each.)
(Page No: 61-62)
25. Behaviour therapies postulate that psychological distress arises because of faulty behaviour
patterns or thought patterns.
Systematic desensitization is a behavior therapy technique. Systematic desensitization is a
technique introduced by Wolpe for treating phobias or irrational fears. The client is
interviewed to elicit fear-provoking situations and together with the client, the therapist
prepares a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli with the least anxiety-provoking stimuli at
the bottom of the hierarchy. The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about
the least anxiety- provoking situation. The client is asked to stop thinking of the fearful
situation if the slightest tension is felt. Over sessions, the client is able to imagine more severe
fear provoking situations while maintaining the relaxation. The client gets systematically
desensitized to the fear.
It works on the principle of reciprocal inhibition.
(Explanation with reference to given example.)
(Page No: 98)
26. It was observed that individuals show better performance in the presence of others, than when
they are performing the same task alone. For instance, cyclists racing with each other perform
well than when they cycle alone.
Better performance in the presence of others is because the person experiences arousal, which
makes the person react in a more intense manner.
The arousal is because the person feels she or he is being evaluated called evaluation
apprehension.
The nature of the task to be performed also affects the performance in the presence of others.
If the others present are also performing the same task, this is called a situation of co-action. In
this situation, there is social comparison and competition.
In short, task performance can be facilitated and improved, or inhibited and worsened by the
presence of others.
(Page No: 123)
Part – E
Q 27. Somatoform disorders are conditions in which there are physical symptoms in the absence of
physical disease. The individual has psychological difficulties and complains of physical symptoms for which there are no biological cause. It includes the following:
Pain disorder:
Hypochondriasis :
Somatisation :
Conversion :
(Detailed explanation of the above.)
(Page No: 77-78)
OR
Dissociation can be viewed as severance of the connections between ideas and emotions. It involves feelings of unreality, estrangement, depersonalization and sometimes a loss or shift of identity. It also includes sudden temporary alterations that blot out painful experience.
Types are:
Dissociative amnesia:
Dissociative fugue:.
Dissociative identity disorder:
Depersonalization:
Detailed explanation of the above.
(Page No: 78-79)
Q 28. Why do people join groups? Discuss.
People join groups because these groups satisfy a range of needs. The main reasons for the people to join groups are as follows:-
a) Security:
b) Status:
c) Self-esteem:
d) Satisfaction of one’s psychological and social needs:
e) Goal achievement:
f) Provide knowledge and information:
Detailed explanation of the above.
(Page No: 132)
OR
Groupthink is characterized by the appearance of consensus or unanimous agreement within a
group. Each members believe that all members agree upon a particular decision or a policy. No one expresses dissenting opinion because each person here believes that it would undermine the cohesion of the group and he/she would become unpopular.
Group polarization states that the decisions taken by the groups are more extreme that what taken by individuals’.
(Explain concepts with the help of examples).
Group polarization basically occurs due to three basic reasons.
1)in the company of likeminded people, more argument’s are more likely to hear newer arguments favoring each ones viewpoints.
2) When others are found to favor a particular view point, you feel that this view is validated by the public. This is a sort of bandwagon effect.
3) When you find people having similar views, you likely to perceive them as in-group. You start identifying with the group, begin showing conformity, and as a result your views become strengthened.
(Detailed explanation of the above.)