To study binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides - Science Practicals

Aim
To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides.

Theory
Binary fission and budding are forms of asexual reproduction in lower organisms, like bacteria, unicellular protozoans, and a few other animals. In binary fission, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells by amitosis and each daughter cell grows into an adult. The division of nucleus is called amitosis because the stages of a typical mitotic division are not observed in these cells. Budding is commonly seen in yeast and Hydra. Hydra is a tiny freshwater organism which produces young ones from its body laterally. Yeast is a unicellular organism which produces a chain of cells attached to the parent cell.

Materials Required
A compound microscope, permanent slides of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeas

Procedure
Step 1: The slide is placed under compound microscope.
Step 1: The slide is focused under low power and later high power of compound microscope.
Step 2: The stages in binary fission and budding are observed carefully.

Observations
(a) Binary Fission in Amoeba 
(i) In the beginning, the pseudopodia are withdrawn and the body becomes rounded.
(ii) Nucleus divides amitotically followed by the division of cytoplasm.
(iii) A furrow or constriction develops at the point of fission in the main body.
(iv) The furrow becomes narrow and finally two daughter-cells are formed.

(b) Budding in yeast
(i) A small outgrowth or protuberance is seen on the parent cell.
(ii) Nucleus divides and is later, seen in the bud.
(iii) Repeated budding forms a chain of cells. 

Results and Discussions
The prepared slides show asexual reproduction in which only one individual is involved in the production of new individuals.
Precautions
1. Focus the slides properly.
2. Study the slides first under low-power magnification and then under high-power magnification of the compound microscope.
3. Draw diagrams as seen under the microscope.
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