NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 Chemical reactions and Equations is the first chapter of Class 10 Science Textbook. It covers the topic of Chemistry which covers the idea of chemicals. The topics which are covered in this chapter are Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implication of a balanced chemical  equation, types of chemical reactions: Combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement,  precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction. We have also made NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science which includes all the textbooks solutions for textbooks. These are based on the latest pattern of CBSE. Overall, the chapter Chemical Reactions and Equations will help the students in their examination. 

Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Questions and answers are quite beneficial for scoring good marks in the exams and prepare your answers by taking help. These NCERT Solutions are helpful resources that can help you not only cover the entire syllabus but also provide in depth analysis of the topics.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

 Study Reference for Class 10 Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

In Text Questions

Page No: 6

1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before it is burnt in air?

Answer

Magnesium is a very reactive metal. When stored, it reacts with oxygen to form a layer of magnesium oxide on its surface. This layer of magnesium oxide is quite stable and prevents further reaction of magnesium with oxygen. The magnesium ribbon is cleaned by sand paper for removing this layer so that the underlying metal can be exposed to air.

2. Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.

(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen

Answer

(i) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)

(ii) 3BaCl2 (s) + Al2(SO4)3 (s) → 3BaSO4 (s) + 2AlCl3 (s)

(iii) 2Na(s) + 2H2O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)

3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions.

(i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water.

Answer

(i) BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

(ii) NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCL (aq) + H2O (l)

Page No: 10

1. A solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for white washing.
(i) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula.
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water.

Answer

(i) The substance ‘X’ is calcium oxide. Its chemical formula is CaO.

(ii) Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
CaO (s)  + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Calcium Oxide (Quick Lime) + Water → Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked Lime)

2. Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double of the amount collected in the other? Name this gas.

Answer

Water contains two parts of hydrogen and one part oxygen. Therefore, during the electrolysis of water the amount of hydrogen gas collected in one of the test tubes is double than that of the oxygen produced and collected in the other test tube.

Page No: 13

1. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?

Answer

When an iron nail dipped in the copper sulphate solution than iron displaces copper from the copper sulphate because iron is more reactive than copper. Therefore the colour of the copper sulphate solution changes.
The reaction involved here is:
Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

2. Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in Activity 1.10.

Answer

2KBr (aq) + BaI2 (aq) → 2KI (aq) + BaBr2 (aq)

3. Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions.
(i) 4Na (s) + O2 (g) → 2Na2O (s)
(ii) CuO (s) + H2 (g) → Cu (s) + H2O (l)

Answer

(i) Sodium (Na) is oxidised as it gains oxygen and oxygen gets reduced.

(ii) Copper oxide (CuO) is reduced to copper (Cu) while hydrogen (H2) gets oxidised to water (H2O).

Exercises

Page No: 14

1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO (s) + C (s) → 2Pb (s) + CO2 (g)
(a) Lead is getting reduced.
(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(c) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.

(i) (a) and (b)
(ii) (a) and (c)
(iii) (a), (b) and (c)
(iv) all
► (i) (a) and (b)

2. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe
The above reaction is an example of a
(a) combination reaction.
(b) double displacement reaction.
(c) decomposition reaction.
(d) displacement reaction.
► (d) displacement reaction.

Page No: 15

3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Tick the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
► (a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?

Answer

A reaction which has an equal number of atoms of all the elements on both sides of the chemical equation is called a balanced chemical equation.Chemical reaction should be balanced to follow law of conservation of mass.

5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.

(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Answer

(a) 3H2 (g) + N2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)

(b) 2H2S (g) + 3O2 (g) → 2H2O (l) + 2SO2 (g)

(c) 3BaCl2 (aq) + Al2(SO4)3 (aq) → 2AlCl3 (aq) + 3BaSO4 (s)

(d) 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)

6. Balance the following chemical equations.

(i) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(ii) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
(iii) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
(iv) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + HCl

Answer

(i) 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
(ii) 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(iii) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
(iv) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl

7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.

(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride

Answer

(a) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

(b) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

(c) 2Al + 3CuCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

(d) BaCl2 + K2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2KCl

8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction in each case.

(a)Potassium bromide (aq) + Barium iodide (aq)­ → Potassium iodide (aq) + Barium bromide(s)
(b) Zinc carbonate (s) → Zinc oxide (s) + Carbon dioxide (g)
(c) Hydrogen (g) + Chlorine (g) → Hydrogen chloride (g)
(d) Magnesium (s) + Hydrochloric acid (aq) → Magnesium chloride (aq) + Hydrogen (g)


Answer

(a) 2KBr (aq) + BaI2 (aq) → 2KI (aq) + BaBr2 (s): Double displacement reaction

(b) ZnCO3 (s) →  ZnO (s) + CO2 (g): Decomposition reaction

(c) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g): Combination reaction

(d) Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) : Displacement Reaction

9. What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.

Answer

Chemical reactions that release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound are called exothermic reactions.
Example: C (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 + Heat Energy

Reactions that absorb energy or require energy in order to proceed are called endothermic reactions.
Example:

10. Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.

Answer

Respiration is considered as an exothermic reaction because in respiration oxidation of glucose takes place which produces large amount of heat energy.
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) + Energy

11. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these reactions.

Answer

Decomposition reactions are those in which a compound breaks down to form two or more substances. These reactions require a source of energy to proceed. Thus, they are the exact opposite of combination reactions in which two or more substances combine to give a new substance with the release of energy.For Example:
Decomposition Reaction:
Combination Reaction:
CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Page No: 16

12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.

Answer


13. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write equations for these reactions.

Answer

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element from a compound.
For Example: CuSo4 (aq) + Zn (s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
In a double displacement reaction, two atoms or a group of atoms switch places to form new compounds.
For Example: Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

14. In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.

Answer

2AgNO3 (aq) + Cu (s) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)
Silver Nitrate + Copper → Copper Nitrate + Silver

15. What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.

Answer

A reaction in which an insoluble solid (called precipitate) is formed is called a precipitation reaction.For Example:
Na2CO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
Sodium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride → Calcium Carbonate + Sodium Chloride
In this reaction, calcium carbonate is obtained as a precipitate. Hence, it is a precipitation reaction.

16. Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction

Answer

Oxidation Reaction: It is a chemical reaction in which gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen takes place.
Reduction Reaction: It is a chemical reaction in which loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen takes place.

17. A shiny brown-coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element ‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed.

Answer

‘X’ is copper (Cu) and the black-coloured compound formed is copper oxide (CuO). The equation of the reaction involved on heating copper is given below.

18. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Answer

Iron articles are painted because it prevents them from rusting. When painted, the contact of iron articles from moisture and air is cut off. Hence, rusting is prevented.

19. Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?

Answer

Oil and fat containing food items flushed with nitrogen because nitrogen acts as an antioxidant and it prevents them from being oxidised.

20. Explain the following terms with one example each.
(a) Corrosion
(b) Rancidity

Answer

Corrosion is defined as a process where materials, usually metals, deteriorate as a result of a chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemicals, etc.
For example, iron, in the presence of moisture, reacts with oxygen to form hydrated iron oxide.
4Fe + 3O2 + nH2O → 2Fe2O3.nH2O

Rancidity is the process of oxidation of fats and oils that can be easily noticed by the change in taste and smell is known as rancidity.
For example, the taste and smell of butter changes when kept for long.


Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 NCERT Solutions


NCERT Solutions for Class 10 are helpful resources that can help you not only cover the entire syllabus but also provide in depth analysis of the topics. It will help you in analyzing the problems and answering it with precision. Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions will make you understand the topics in most simple manner and grasp it easily to perform better.

Topics in the chapter:

• Chemical Equations
• Writing A Chemical Equation
• Balanced Chemical Equations
• Types Of Chemical Reactions
• Combination Reaction
• Decomposition Reaction
• Displacement Reaction
• Double Displacement Reaction
• Have You Observed The Effects Of Oxidation Reactions In Everyday Life?
→ Corrosion
→ Rancidity

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapters:


NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 6 Life Processes
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 12 Electricity
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 14 Sources of Energy
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 15 Our Environment
NCERT Solutions for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources


FAQ on Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

State the law which is kept in mind while we balance a chemical equation.

Law of conservation of mass. Mass can neither be created nor be destroyed during a chemical reaction.

What is basic difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

In a physical change, no new substance is formed. In a chemical change, new substance is formed.

What is meant by a chemical reaction?

A process in which two or more substances react to form some other new substances with new set of properties is called a chemical reaction.

Is burning of a candle, a physical change or a chemical change?

Burning of candle is both chemical change and physical change.

Why are decomposing reactions called the opposite of combination reactions?

In combination reactions, two substances combine to form one compound and in decomposition reactions, a compound breaks down into two or more substances, so they are opposite to each other.

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